I. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds
A. Carbon forms multiple covalent bonds
B. Carbon compounds can form chains, rings, or branches
a. There are less than 100 000 non-organic compounds
b. organic compounds make up 400 000 compounds
C. The simplest organic compounds are made of carbon and hydrogen
Expanded structural diagram
Condensed structural formula:
1 3-dichlorocyclopentane
III. Saturated compounds
A. Have no double/ triple bonds
B. Compounds with only single bonds are called alkalines and always end in "-ane"
IV. Nomenclature
A. There are 3 categories of organic compounds
a. straight chains
b. cyclic chains
c. aromatics
B. Straight chains
a. Rules for naming straight chain compounds
1. Circle the longest continuous chain of carbons. This is your base chain.
2. Name this base chain using the following chart and adding the ending "-ane"
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Stem Name | Side Chain Name | Multiplier |
| 1 | Meth | Methyl | |
| 2 | Eth | Ethyl | Di |
| 3 | Prop | Propyl | Tri |
| 4 | But | Butyl | Tetra |
| 5 | Pent | Pentyl | Penta |
| 6 | Hex | Hexyl | Hexa |
| 7 | Hept | Heptyl | Hepta |
| 8 | Oct | Octyl | Octa |
| 9 | Non | Nonyl | Nona |
| 10 | Dec | Decyl | Deca |
In this case the name of the base chain is: Butane
3. Number the base chain so that the side chains have the lowest possible number
4. Name the side chain using the appropriate stem name and the ending "-yl"
The side chain in this example is called: Methyl
5. Give the side chain the appropriate number
The side chain in this example is now called: 2 Methyl
6. If there is more than 1 side chain repeat steps 4 and 5 and list the side chains in alphabetical order
THE COMPLETE NAME FOR THIS STRAIGHT CHAIN IS: 2 METHYL PROPANE
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