Electronic Structure (Electron Dot Diagrams)

Drawing electron dot diagrams:

• the nucleus is rapresented by the atomic symbol 
• for individual elements determine the numebr of valence electrons
• electrons are rapresented by dots around the symbol
• four orbitals (one of each side of the nucleus) each holding a maximum of 2 electorns
• each orbital gets 1 electron before they pair up 

example: draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for the following elements

• Si

• Hydrogen

• Xenon

• Chlorine

Lewis Diagram for compounds & ions:

• in covalent compounds electrons are shared

1. Dteremine the number of valence electrons for each atom in the molecule
2. Place atoms so that valence electrons are shared to fill each orbital

example: draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for the following compaunds

• MgCl2

dot diagram

line diagram

• Li3N

Double & Triple Bonds:

example:

• NOCl

• HCN

 Ionic Compounds:

• in ionic compounds elecrons transfer from one element to another
• determine the number of valence electrons on the cation, move these to the anion
• draw [ ] around the metal and non-metal
• write the charges outside the brackets

example:

• calcium fluoride

• sodium chloride

-Eva