Chemical Nomenclature

• today the most common system IUPAC for most chemicals :

1. Ions
2. Binary Ions
3. Polyatomic Ions             Multivalent Compounds
4. Hydrates
5. Molecular Compounds
6. Acids/Bases

Chemical Formulas:

• Be aware of the differences between ion and compound formulas

                                Zn 2+ --> zinc ion
                                Ag +   --> silver ion
                                O 2-   --> oxide ion
                                F -      --> fluoride ion
                                N 3-   --> nitride ion

• Zn 2+ , O 2- --> ZnO (compound)
• Zn 2+ , F-  --> ZnF2 

example: Write chemical formulas of: Barium Hydroxide, Ammonium Phosphate,                and Rubidium Phosphate

• Ba(OH)2, (NH4)3PO4, Rb3PO4

Multivalent Ions:

• some elements can form more then one ion
• eg. Cobalt-> Co 2+, Co 3+   
• eg. Manganese -> Mn 2+, Mn 3+, Mn 4+ 
• the top number on the P.T. is more common
• IUPAC uses roman numerals in parenthesis to show the charge
• classical (ie old) system uses latin names of elements and suffixes -ic (larger charge) and -ous (smaller charge)
• Stannic Nitrade/Tin (IV) Nitrade --> SnN4  
• Phosphorous Pentachloride --> PCl5

Other classical names:

• Ferr-Iron
• Cupp-Copper
• Mercur-Mercury
• Stann-Tin
• Aunn-Gold
• Plumb-Lead
• Chrom-Chromium 

Hydrates:

• some compounds can form lattices taht bond no water molecules
• Copper Sulphate, Sodium Sulphate
• these crystals contain water inside them which can be released by heating

     

  Copper Sulphate: without water the compound is often preceded by anhydrous

• to name hydrates:

1. Write the name of the chemical formula
2. Add aa prefix indicating the number of water molecules (mono-1, di-2, tri-3, tetra-4, penta-5, hexa-6, hepta-7, octa-8, nona-9, deca-10)
3. Add hydrate after prefix 

example: name the following compounds

• CuCO3 . 6 H2O --> Copper (II) Carbonate Hexahydrate
• CaSO3 . 8 H2O --> Calcium Sulphite Octahydrate

• ClO4-  perchlurate
• ClO3-  chlurate 
• ClO2-  chlorite
• ClO-   hypochlorite

• SO4 2-  sulphate
• SO3 2-  sulphite
• SO2 2-  hyposulphite

-Eva